People

Population, fertility, migration, age, and urban life.

7 explainers. Every chart comes with its data and its source.

Latest How many Indians are there, and where is the population heading? Fertility is below replacement, and in a few decades the population will peak and start to decline. Here’s the full picture, from birth to old age. 35 figures
How many people live in India? India’s population tripled since 1960, but annual growth has fallen to 0.9% as fertility dips below two births per woman. 13 figures How old is India? In 2000, half the country was under 21. By 2100, that midpoint is projected to hit 47.8 years, signalling a historic transformation. 8 figures Is India getting old before it gets rich? The share of elderly has crossed 7% while income per person is still just $2,695 a year, far below the wealth that rich nations had when they aged. The engine: fertility already below replacement. 5 figures Is India's population still growing? India's population has reached 145.1 crore, growing at 0.9% a year. Yet fertility has fallen below replacement level. This explains why growth continues despite fewer children per woman. 5 figures What does India's population pyramid look like? Child share down from 35.6% in 2000 to 22.4% by 2030; median age to nearly double by 2100. 4 figures Why is India two countries when it comes to birth rates? India's fertility fell on a thirty-year lag between states. Income and girls' schooling both track the gap today, the timing points to schooling, and the gap is now a question of political representation. 15 figures